منابع مشابه
Challenger Quality and the Incumbency Advantage
Most estimates of the incumbency advantage and the electoral benefits of previous officeholding experience do not account for strategic entry by high-quality challengers. We address this issue by using term limits as an instrument for challenger quality. Studying U.S. state legislatures, we find strong evidence of strategic behavior by experienced challengers (consistent with previous studies)....
متن کاملChallenger Entry and Voter Learning
We develop a model of strategic interaction between voters and potential electoral challengers to sitting incumbents, in which the very fact of a costly challenge conveys relevant information to voters. Given incumbent failure in office, challenger entry is more likely, but the threat of entry by inferior challengers creates an incentive for citizens to become more politically informed. At the ...
متن کاملThe Challenger - Solver game : Variations on the theme of P = ?
y Quisani: The article of Juris Hartmanis in the previous issue of this Bulletin Ha] provoked me to think about the famous P =?NP question. I wonder if the question is right. Author: What do you mean? Q: The question seems to me unbalanced. If it turns out that P = NP then programmers will be very happy. (To simplify the matter, I assume that polynomial-time computations are feasible.) On the o...
متن کاملColumbia and Challenger: organizational failure at NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)—as the global leader in all areas of spaceflight and space science— is a unique organization in terms of size, mission, constraints, complexity and motivations. NASA’s flagship endeavor—human spaceflight—is extremely risky and one of the most complicated tasks undertaken by man. It is well accepted that the tragic destruction of the Space...
متن کاملChallenger: Fine-Tuning the Odds Until Something Breaks
The Challenger disaster illustrates the effects of repeated successes, gradual acclimatization, and the differing responsibilities of engineers and managers. Past successes and acclimatization alter decision-makers' beliefs about probabilities of future success. Fine-tuning processes result from engineers' and managers' pursuing partially inconsistent goals while trying to learn from their expe...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1877
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/015254b0